436 lines
17 KiB
HTML
436 lines
17 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Configuration as Code — Puppet vs Ansible vs Terraform</title>
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<!-- Reveal.js CDN -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@5.1.0/dist/reset.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@5.1.0/dist/reveal.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@5.1.0/dist/theme/moon.css">
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<!-- Highlight.js for code blocks -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@5.1.0/plugin/highlight/monokai.css">
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<style>
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:root {
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--puppet-color: #FFAE1A;
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--ansible-color: #EE0000;
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--terraform-color: #7B42BC;
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}
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.reveal .slides section {
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text-align: left;
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}
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.reveal h1, .reveal h2 {
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text-align: center;
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}
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.reveal h1 { font-size: 1.8em; }
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.reveal h2 { font-size: 1.3em; }
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.reveal p, .reveal li { font-size: 0.78em; }
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.reveal code { font-size: 0.7em; }
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.reveal pre { width: 100%; }
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.title-slide { text-align: center !important; }
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.title-slide h1 { font-size: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em; }
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.title-slide .subtitle { font-size: 1em; color: #aaa; }
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.title-slide .meta { font-size: 0.7em; color: #888; margin-top: 1em; }
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.tag {
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display: inline-block;
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padding: 2px 10px;
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border-radius: 4px;
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font-size: 0.55em;
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font-weight: bold;
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vertical-align: middle;
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margin-left: 8px;
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}
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.tag-puppet { background: var(--puppet-color); color: #000; }
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.tag-ansible { background: var(--ansible-color); color: #fff; }
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.tag-tf { background: var(--terraform-color);color: #fff; }
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.card-row {
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display: flex;
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gap: 1em;
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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}
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.card {
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flex: 1;
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border-radius: 8px;
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padding: 0.7em 1em;
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font-size: 0.7em;
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}
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.card-puppet { border: 2px solid var(--puppet-color); background: rgba(255,174,26,0.08); }
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.card-ansible { border: 2px solid var(--ansible-color); background: rgba(238,0,0,0.08); }
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.card-tf { border: 2px solid var(--terraform-color);background: rgba(123,66,188,0.08); }
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.card h3 { margin: 0 0 0.4em; font-size: 1.1em; }
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.card ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.2em; }
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.comparison-table {
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width: 100%;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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font-size: 0.62em;
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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}
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.comparison-table th, .comparison-table td {
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border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
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padding: 0.4em 0.6em;
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text-align: center;
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}
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.comparison-table th { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); }
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.comparison-table td:first-child { text-align: left; font-weight: bold; }
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.puppet-col { color: var(--puppet-color); }
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.ansible-col { color: var(--ansible-color); }
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.tf-col { color: var(--terraform-color); }
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.highlight-box {
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border-left: 4px solid #4CAF50;
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background: rgba(76,175,80,0.1);
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padding: 0.5em 1em;
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margin: 0.5em 0;
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border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
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font-size: 0.75em;
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}
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.agenda-grid {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
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gap: 0.5em;
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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}
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.agenda-item {
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background: rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
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border-radius: 6px;
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padding: 0.5em 0.8em;
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font-size: 0.75em;
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}
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.agenda-item .num { font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; color: #888; }
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.emoji { font-style: normal; }
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="reveal">
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<div class="slides">
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 1 : Title ─────────────────────────────────────────── -->
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<section class="title-slide">
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<h1>⚙️ Configuration as Code</h1>
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<p class="subtitle">Puppet · Ansible · Terraform<br>— What's the difference and when to use what? —</p>
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<p class="meta">Finistère Dev Meetup · 2026</p>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 2 : Agenda ────────────────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>📋 Agenda</h2>
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<div class="agenda-grid">
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<div class="agenda-item"><span class="num">01</span><br>What is Configuration as Code?</div>
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<div class="agenda-item"><span class="num">02</span><br>The IaC landscape</div>
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<div class="agenda-item"><span class="num">03</span><br><span class="puppet-col">Puppet</span> — Declare your state</div>
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<div class="agenda-item"><span class="num">04</span><br><span class="ansible-col">Ansible</span> — Automate everything</div>
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<div class="agenda-item"><span class="num">05</span><br><span class="tf-col">Terraform</span> — Provision infrastructure</div>
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<div class="agenda-item"><span class="num">06</span><br>Comparison & when to use what</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 3 : What is CaC ──────────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🤔 What is Configuration as Code?</h2>
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<div class="highlight-box">
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Managing infrastructure and system configuration <strong>through machine-readable files</strong> stored in version control — just like application code.
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment">✅ <strong>Reproducible</strong> — same result every time</li>
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<li class="fragment">✅ <strong>Versionable</strong> — Git history, pull requests, rollbacks</li>
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<li class="fragment">✅ <strong>Auditable</strong> — who changed what, and when</li>
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<li class="fragment">✅ <strong>Scalable</strong> — apply to 1 or 10 000 servers identically</li>
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<li class="fragment">✅ <strong>Collaborative</strong> — code review, CI/CD pipelines</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 4 : IaC landscape ───────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🌍 The IaC Landscape</h2>
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<p>Three main problem spaces:</p>
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<div class="card-row">
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<div class="card card-puppet">
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<h3>🐾 Configuration<br>Management</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Install / configure software</li>
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<li>Enforce desired state on servers</li>
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<li><strong>Puppet, Chef, Salt</strong></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="card card-ansible">
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<h3>⚡ Orchestration &<br>Automation</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Run tasks across many hosts</li>
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<li>Deploy apps, pipelines</li>
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<li><strong>Ansible, Fabric</strong></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="card card-tf">
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<h3>🏗️ Infrastructure<br>Provisioning</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Create VMs, networks, DNS…</li>
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<li>Cloud-agnostic</li>
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<li><strong>Terraform, Pulumi, OpenTofu</strong></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 5 : Puppet overview ─────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🐾 Puppet <span class="tag tag-puppet">Configuration Management</span></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Born:</strong> 2005 — one of the oldest IaC tools</li>
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<li><strong>Language:</strong> Puppet DSL (Ruby-based) or YAML (Hiera)</li>
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<li><strong>Model:</strong> <em>Pull</em> — agents poll a central Puppet Server every 30 min</li>
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<li><strong>Approach:</strong> <em>Declarative</em> — you describe the desired state</li>
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<li><strong>Agent required:</strong> Yes (puppet-agent on each node)</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="highlight-box" style="margin-top:0.8em;">
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💡 Great for large fleets where <strong>continuous compliance</strong> and drift detection matter.
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 6 : Puppet code ─────────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🐾 Puppet — Example</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-puppet" data-trim>
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# manifests/webserver.pp
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class webserver {
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package { 'nginx':
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ensure => installed,
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}
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file { '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf':
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ensure => file,
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content => template('webserver/nginx.conf.erb'),
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notify => Service['nginx'],
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}
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service { 'nginx':
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ensure => running,
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enable => true,
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>🔁 Run again → <strong>idempotent</strong>: only changes what diverged from the desired state</p>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 7 : Ansible overview ───────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>⚡ Ansible <span class="tag tag-ansible">Automation & Orchestration</span></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Born:</strong> 2012, acquired by Red Hat in 2015</li>
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<li><strong>Language:</strong> YAML (Playbooks)</li>
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<li><strong>Model:</strong> <em>Push</em> — the control node connects via SSH</li>
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<li><strong>Approach:</strong> <em>Procedural</em> (tasks run in order) with idempotent modules</li>
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<li><strong>Agent required:</strong> <strong>No</strong> — agentless, just Python + SSH</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="highlight-box" style="margin-top:0.8em;">
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💡 Great for <strong>ad-hoc tasks</strong>, app deployments, and quick automation without setup overhead.
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 8 : Ansible code ───────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>⚡ Ansible — Example</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-yaml" data-trim>
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# playbook/webserver.yml
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- name: Configure web server
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hosts: webservers
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become: true
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tasks:
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- name: Install nginx
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ansible.builtin.package:
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name: nginx
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state: present
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- name: Copy nginx config
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ansible.builtin.template:
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src: nginx.conf.j2
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dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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notify: Restart nginx
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- name: Ensure nginx is running
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ansible.builtin.service:
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name: nginx
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state: started
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enabled: true
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handlers:
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- name: Restart nginx
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ansible.builtin.service:
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name: nginx
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state: restarted
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</code></pre>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 9 : Terraform overview ─────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🏗️ Terraform <span class="tag tag-tf">Infrastructure Provisioning</span></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Born:</strong> 2014 by HashiCorp (open-source fork: <em>OpenTofu</em>)</li>
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<li><strong>Language:</strong> HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language)</li>
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<li><strong>Model:</strong> <em>Plan → Apply</em> — preview changes before applying</li>
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<li><strong>Approach:</strong> <em>Declarative</em> — describe your infrastructure graph</li>
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<li><strong>Agent required:</strong> No — uses provider APIs (AWS, GCP, Azure, etc.)</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="highlight-box" style="margin-top:0.8em;">
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💡 Great for <strong>creating and managing cloud resources</strong> — VMs, networks, DNS, databases…
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 10 : Terraform code ────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🏗️ Terraform — Example</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-hcl" data-trim>
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# main.tf
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terraform {
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required_providers {
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aws = { source = "hashicorp/aws", version = "~> 5.0" }
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}
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}
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provider "aws" { region = "eu-west-3" }
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resource "aws_instance" "web" {
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ami = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
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instance_type = "t3.micro"
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tags = { Name = "meetup-webserver" }
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}
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output "public_ip" {
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value = aws_instance.web.public_ip
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>🗺️ <code>terraform plan</code> shows a diff · <code>terraform apply</code> creates resources · <code>terraform destroy</code> removes them</p>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 11 : Comparison table ──────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>📊 Comparison at a Glance</h2>
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<table class="comparison-table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th></th>
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<th class="puppet-col">🐾 Puppet</th>
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<th class="ansible-col">⚡ Ansible</th>
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<th class="tf-col">🏗️ Terraform</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr><td>Primary focus</td><td>Config management</td><td>Automation / Orchestration</td><td>Infrastructure provisioning</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Language</td><td>Puppet DSL</td><td>YAML</td><td>HCL</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Approach</td><td>Declarative</td><td>Procedural + idempotent</td><td>Declarative</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Push / Pull</td><td>Pull</td><td>Push</td><td>Push (via API)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Agent needed</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>No</td></tr>
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<tr><td>State file</td><td>Catalog (server)</td><td>None (stateless)</td><td>Yes (.tfstate)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Cloud resources</td><td>Limited</td><td>Yes (modules)</td><td>Excellent</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Learning curve</td><td>High</td><td>Low</td><td>Medium</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 12 : When to use what ─────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🎯 When to Use What?</h2>
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<div class="card-row">
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<div class="card card-puppet">
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<h3>🐾 Use Puppet when…</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Large fleet (100s–1000s of servers)</li>
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<li>Continuous compliance / drift detection</li>
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<li>Enterprise, strict governance</li>
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<li>Long-running servers (pets)</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="card card-ansible">
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<h3>⚡ Use Ansible when…</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Agentless is a must</li>
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<li>Quick automation or one-off tasks</li>
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<li>App deployment & pipelines</li>
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<li>Already using Red Hat / AWX</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="card card-tf">
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<h3>🏗️ Use Terraform when…</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Creating cloud infrastructure</li>
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<li>Multi-cloud or hybrid environments</li>
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<li>Preview changes before applying</li>
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<li>Immutable infra (cattle, not pets)</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 13 : They work together ───────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>🤝 They Work Together!</h2>
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<div class="highlight-box">
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These tools are <strong>complementary</strong>, not mutually exclusive.
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</div>
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<p>A common real-world stack:</p>
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<ol>
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<li class="fragment"><strong class="tf-col">Terraform</strong> provisions the VM on AWS/Azure/GCP</li>
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<li class="fragment"><strong class="ansible-col">Ansible</strong> bootstraps the OS, installs base packages, deploys the app</li>
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<li class="fragment"><strong class="puppet-col">Puppet</strong> continuously enforces compliance and manages config drift</li>
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</ol>
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<p class="fragment" style="margin-top:0.8em; font-style:italic; color:#aaa;">
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→ Right tool for the right layer of the stack
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</p>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 14 : Key Takeaways ────────────────────────────── -->
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<section>
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<h2>💡 Key Takeaways</h2>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment">Configuration as Code → <strong>reproducible, auditable, scalable</strong> infrastructure</li>
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<li class="fragment"><strong class="puppet-col">Puppet</strong> — continuous compliance on large server fleets (pull, agent)</li>
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<li class="fragment"><strong class="ansible-col">Ansible</strong> — agentless automation & orchestration (push, YAML)</li>
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<li class="fragment"><strong class="tf-col">Terraform</strong> — cloud infrastructure provisioning (plan/apply, HCL)</li>
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<li class="fragment">They <strong>complement each other</strong> — choose based on the layer of your stack</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<!-- ─── SLIDE 15 : Q&A ──────────────────────────────────────── -->
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<section class="title-slide">
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<h1>🙋 Questions?</h1>
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<p class="subtitle">Thank you!</p>
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<p class="meta" style="margin-top:2em;">
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Slides made with <a href="https://revealjs.com" target="_blank">Reveal.js</a><br>
|
||
Finistère Dev Meetup · 2026
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||
</p>
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||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@5.1.0/dist/reveal.js"></script>
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@5.1.0/plugin/notes/notes.js"></script>
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<script>
|
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Reveal.initialize({
|
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hash: true,
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slideNumber: 'c/t',
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transition: 'slide',
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backgroundTransition: 'fade',
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